Attention to the body in nonclinical somatoform dissociation depends on emotional state

Abstract 

Objective

Unexplained neurological symptoms (“somatoform dissociation”) are common in health care settings and associated with disproportionately high levels of distress, disability, and resource utilization. Theory suggests that somatoform dissociation is associated with disturbed attentional processing, but there is a paucity of research in this area and the available evidence is contradictory.

Methods

We compared undergraduate participants (n=124) with high and low scores on the Somatoform Dissociation Questionnaire (SDQ-20) on a tactile cueing paradigm measuring the time course of attention to touch, following either a neutral film or a film designed to simulate the emotional effects of trauma exposure.

Results

Following the neutral film, high SDQ-20 participants exhibited delayed disengagement from tactile cue stimuli compared to the low SDQ-20 group. Following the “trauma” film, however, the high SDQ-20 group showed attentional effects suggesting avoidance of the tactile stimuli in this condition. Early attention to tactile cues following the trauma film predicted film-related intrusive thoughts after the experiment.

Conclusion

These findings suggest that both body vigilance and body avoidance may be involved in the expression of somatoform dissociation.

Keywords: Pseudoneurological symptoms, Medically unexplained symptoms, Attentional bias, Attention, Cue-target task, Trauma film paradigm