Journal of Psychosomatic Research
Volume 69, Issue 4 , Pages 379-387 , October 2010

Subgroup differences in psychosocial factors relating to coronary heart disease in the UK South Asian population

Received 23 November 2009 ,Revised 25 March 2010 ,Accepted 25 March 2010.

References 

  1. Harding S, Rosato M, Teyhan A. Trends for coronary heart disease and stroke mortality among migrants in England and Wales, 1979–2003: slow declines notable for some groups. Heart. 2008;94:463–470
  2. Bhopal R, Fischbacher C, Vartiainen E, Unwin N, White M, Alberti G. Predicted and observed cardiovascular disease in South Asians: application of FINRISK, Framingham and SCORE models to Newcastle Heart Project data. J Public Health. 2005;27:93–100
  3. Nazroo JY. South Asian people and heart disease: an assessment of the importance of socioeconomic position. Ethn Dis. 2001;11:401–411
  4. Mindell J, Zaninotti P. Cardiovascular disease and diabetes. In:  Sproston K,  Mindell J editor. Health Survey for England 2004. The health of minority ethnic groups. vol. 1:London: The Information Centre; 2006;p. 63–94
  5. Cappuccio FP, Cook DG, Atkinson RW, Strazzullo P. Prevalence, detection, and management of cardiovascular risk factors in different ethnic groups in south London. Heart. 1997;78:555–563
  6. McKeigue PM, Shah B, Marmot MG. Relation of central obesity and insulin resistance with high diabetes prevalence and cardiovascular risk in South Asians. Lancet. 1991;337:382–386
  7. Bhopal R, Unwin N, White M, et al. Heterogeneity of coronary heart disease risk factors in Indian, Pakistani, Bangladeshi, and European origin populations: cross sectional study. BMJ. 1999;319:215–220
  8. Falaschetti E, Chaudhury M. Blood analytes. In:  Sproston K,  Mindell J editor. Health Survey for England 2004. The health of minority ethnic groups. vol. 1:London: The Information Centre; 2006;p. 301–344
  9. Forouhi NG, Sattar N, Tillin T, McKeigue PM, Chaturvedi N. Do known risk factors explain the higher coronary heart disease mortality in South Asian compared with European men? Prospective follow-up of the Southall and Brent studies, UK. Diabetologia. 2006;49:2580–2588
  10. Wardle H. Use of tobacco products. In:  Sproston K,  Mindell J editor. Health Survey for England 2004. The health of minority ethnic groups. Vol. 1:London: The Information Centre; 2006;p. 95–130
  11. Becker E, Hills A, Erens B. Alcohol consumption. In:  Sproston K,  Mindell J editor. Health Survey for England 2004. The health of minority ethnic groups. vol. 1:London: The Information Centre; 2006;p. 131–162
  12. Fischbacher CM, Hunt S, Alexander L. How physically active are South Asians in the United Kingdom? A literature review. J Public Health. 2004;26:250–258
  13. Rozanski A, Blumenthal JA, Kaplan J. Impact of psychological factors on the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease and implications for therapy. Circulation. 1999;99:2192–2217
  14. Nicholson A, Kuper H, Hemingway H. Depression as an aetiologic and prognostic factor in coronary heart disease: a meta-analysis of 6362 events among 146 538 participants in 54 observational studies. Eur Heart J. 2006;27:2763–2774
  15. Kuper H, Marmot M. Job strain, job demands, decision latitude, and risk of coronary heart disease within the Whitehall II study. J Epidemiol Community Health. 2003;57:147–153
  16. Everson-Rose SA, Lewis TT. Psychosocial factors and cardiovascular diseases. Ann Rev Public Health. 2005;26:469–500
  17. Hemingway H, Whitty CJ, Shipley M, et al. Psychosocial risk factors for coronary disease in White, South Asian and Afro-Caribbean civil servants: the Whitehall II study. Ethn Dis. 2001;11:391–400
  18. Fischbacher CM, White M, Bhopal RS, Unwin NC. Self-reported work strain is lower in South Asian than European people: cross-sectional survey. Ethn Health. 2005;10:279–292
  19. Williams R, Bhopal R, Hunt K. Coronary risk in a British Punjabi population: comparative profile of non-biochemical factors. Int J Epidemiol. 1994;3:28–37
  20. Williams ED, Steptoe A, Chambers JC, Kooner JS. Psychosocial risk factors for coronary heart disease in UK South Asian men and women. J Epidemiol Community Health. 2009;63:986–991
  21. Berthoud R. Income and standards of living. In:  Modood T,  Berthoud R,  Lakey J, et al. editor. Ethnic minorities in Britain: diversity and disadvantage. London: Policy Studies Institute; 1997;p. 150–183
  22. Pollard TM, Carlin LE, Bhopal R, Unwin N, White M, Fischbacher C. Social networks and coronary heart disease risk factors in South Asians and Europeans in the UK. Ethn Health. 2003;8:263–275
  23. Cochrane R, Bal S. The drinking habits of Sikh, Hindu, Muslim, and white men in the West Midlands: a community survey. Addiction. 2008;85:759–769
  24. Nazroo JY. The health of Britain's ethnic minorities. London: Policy Studies Institute; 1997;
  25. Johnson MRD. Perceptions of barriers to healthy physical activity among Asian communities. Sports Educ Soc. 2000;5:51–70
  26. Vora AR, Yeoman CM, Hayter JP. Alcohol, tobacco and paan use and understanding of oral cancer risk among Asian males in Leicester. Br Dental J. 2000;188:444–451
  27. Virdee S. Racial harassment. In:  Modood T,  Berthoud R,  Lakey J, et al. editor. Ethnic minorities in Britain: diversity and disadvantage. London: Policy Studies Institute; 1997;p. 259–289
  28. Williams ED, Kooner I, Steptoe A, Kooner JS. Psychosocial factors related to cardiovascular disease risk in UK South Asian men: a preliminary study. Br J Health Psychol. 2007;12:559–570
  29. Townsend P, Phillimore P, Beattie A. Health and deprivation: inequality and the North. London: Croom Helm; 1988;
  30. Wardle J, Robb K, Johnson F. Assessing socioeconomic status in adolescents: the validity of a home affluence scale. J Epidemiol Community Health. 2002;56:595–599
  31. Evans GW, Kantrowitz E. Socioeconomic status and health: the potential role of environmental risk exposure. Ann Rev Public Health. 2002;23:303–331
  32. Pearlin LI, Menaghan EG, Lieberman MA, Mullan JT. The stress process. J Health Soc Behav. 1980;22:337–356
  33. Sampson RJ, Raudenbush SW, Earls F. Neighborhoods and violent crime: a multilevel study of collective efficacy. Science. 1997;277:918–924
  34. Prinz RJ, Foster S, Kent RN, Oleary KD. Multivariate assessment of conflict in distressed and non-distressed mother-adolescent dyads. J Appl Behav Anal. 1979;12:691–700
  35. Bosma H, Marmot MG, Hemingway H, Nicholson AC, Brunner E, Stansfeld SA. Low job control and risk of coronary heart disease in Whitehall II (prospective cohort) study. BMJ. 1997;314:558–565
  36. Karlsen S, Nazroo JY. Relation between racial discrimination, social class, and health among ethnic minority groups. Am J Public Health. 2001;92:624–631
  37. Liebkind K, Jasinskaja-Lahti I. The influence of experiences of discrimination on psychological stress: a comparison of seven immigrant groups. J Comm Appl Soc Psychol. 2000;10:1–16
  38. Mitchell PH, Powell L, Blumenthal J, et al. A short social support measure for patients recovering from myocardial infarction: the ENRICHD Social Support Inventory. J Cardiopulm Rehabil. 2003;23:398–403
  39. Seeman T, Charpentier P, Berkman L, et al. Predicting changes in physical performance in a high-functioning elderly cohort: MacArthur studies of successful aging. J Gerontol Med. 1994;49:97–108
  40. Cohen S, Doyle WJ, Skoner DP, Rabin BS, Gwaltney JM. Social ties and susceptibility to the common cold. JAMA. 1997;277:1940–1944
  41. Plante TG, Boccaccini MT. The Santa Clara Strength of Religious Faith Questionnaire. Pastoral Psychol. 1997;45:375–387
  42. Radloff LS. A self-report depression scale for research in the general population. Appl Psychological Assess. 1977;1:385–401
  43. Barefoot JC, Dodge KA, Peterson BL, Dahlstrom WG, Williams RB. The Cook–Medley Hostility Scale — item content and ability to predict survival. Psychosom Med. 1989;51:46–57
  44. Marmot MG, Stansfeld S, Patel C, et al. Health inequalities among British civil servants: the Whitehall II study. Lancet. 1991;337:1387–1393
  45. Craig CL, Marshall AL, Sjostrom M, et al. International physical activity questionnaire: 12-country reliability and validity. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2003;35:1381–1395
  46. Creed F, Winterbottom M, Tomenson B, Britt R, Anand IS, Wander GS, et al. Preliminary study of non-psychotic disorders in people from the Indian subcontinent living in the UK and India. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 1999;99:257–260
  47. Sonuga-Barke EJ, Mistry M. The effect of extended family living on the mental health of three generations within two Asian communities. Br J Clin Psychol. 2000;39:129–141
  48. Karlsen S, Nazroo JY. Muslims in Europe: attitudes and experiences. In: Understanding population trends and processes. 2009;Available at: http://www.uptap.net/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2010/05/uptap-findings-karlsen-apr-091.pdf.
  49. Fekete L. Anti-Muslim racism and the European security state. Race Cl. 2004;46:3–29
  50. Poynting S, Mason V. The resistible rise of Islamophobia: anti-Muslim racism in the UK and Australia before 11 September 2001. J Sociol. 2007;43:61–86
  51. Lewis TT, Everson-Rose SA, Powell LH, et al. Chronic exposure to everyday discrimination and coronary artery calcification in African-American women: the SWAN heart study. Psychosom Med. 2006;68:362–368
  52. Troxel WM, Matthews KA, Bromberger JT, Sutton-Tyrrell K. Chronic stress burden, discrimination, and subclinical carotid artery disease in African American and Caucasian women. Health Psychol. 2003;22:300–309
  53. Kawachi I, Kennedy BP, Lochner K, Prothrow-Stith D. Social capital, income inequality, and mortality. Am J Public Health. 1997;87:1491–1498
  54. Steptoe A, Willemsen G. The influence of low job control on ambulatory blood pressure and perceived stress over the working day in men and women from the Whitehall II cohort. J Hypertens. 2004;22:915–920
  55. Chandola T, Britton A, Brunner E, et al. Work stress and coronary heart disease: what are the mechanisms?. Eur Heart J. 2008;29:640–648
  56. Fenton S, Karlsen S. Explaining mental distress: narratives of cause. In:  O'Connor W,  Nazroo J editor. Ethnic differences in the context and experience of psychiatric illness: a qualitative study. London: TSO; 2002;p. 17–28
  57. Cohen S, Wills TA. Stress, social support, and the buffering hypothesis. Psychol Bull. 1985;98:310–357
  58. Modood T. Culture and identity. In:  Modood T,  Berthoud R,  Lakey J, et al. editor. Ethnic minorities in Britain: diversity and disadvantage. London: Policy Studies Institute; 1997;p. 290–338
  59. Karlsen S, Nazroo JY. Religion, ethnicity and health inequalities. In:  Graham H editors. Understanding Health Inequalities (2nd edition). New York: Open University Press; 2009;p. 103–124
  60. Chida Y, Steptoe A, Powell LH. Religiosity/spirituality and mortality: a systematic quantitative review. Psychother Psychosom. 2009;78:81–90
  61. Oman D, Thoresen C. ‘Does religion cause health?’: differing interpretations and diverse meanings. J Health Psychol. 2002;7:365–380
  62. Wild SH, Fischbacher C, Brock A, Griffiths C, Bhopal R. Mortality from all causes and circulatory disease by country of birth in England and Wales 2001–2003. J Public Health. 2007;29:191–198
  63. Hayes L, White M, Unwin N, et al. Patterns of physical activity and relationship with risk markers for cardiovascular disease and diabetes in Indian, Pakistani, Bangladeshi and European adults in a UK population. J Public Health Med. 2002;24:170–178
  64. Stamatakis E. Physical activity. In:  Sproston K,  Mindell J editor. Health Survey for England 2004. The health of minority ethnic groups. vol. 1:London: The Information Centre; 2006;p. 237–262
  65. Williams ED, Stamatakis E, Chandola T, Hamer M. An assessment of physical activity levels in South Asians in the UK: findings from the Health Survey for England. J Epid Comm Health 10.1136/jech.2009.102509.
  66. Seeman TE, McEwen BS. Impact of social environment characteristics on neuroendocrine regulation. Psychosom Med. 1996;58:459–471
  67. Seeman TE, Singer BH, Ryff CD, Love GD, Levy-Storms L. Social relationships, gender, and allostatic load across two age cohorts. Psychosom Med. 2002;64:395–406
  68. O'Keefe J, Bybee KA, Lavie CJ. Alcohol and cardiovascular health: the razor-sharp double-edged sword. JACC. 2007;50:1009–1014
  69. Diez Roux AV, Detrano R, Jackson S, et al. Acculturation and socioeconomic position as predictors of coronary calcification in a multiethnic sample. Circulation. 2005;112:1557–1565
  70. Kalra P, Srinivasan S, Ivey S, Greenlund K. Knowledge and practice: the risk of cardiovascular disease among Asian Indians. Results from focus groups conducted in Asian Indian communities in Northern California. Ethn Dis. 2004;14:497–504
  71. Nazroo JY. Ethnicity and mental health. London: Policy Studies Institute; 1997;
  72. Chida Y, Steptoe A. The association of anger and hostility with future coronary heart disease: a meta-analytic review of prospective evidence. JACC. 2008;53:936–946
  73. Bhopal R, Vettini A, Hunt S, Wiebe S, Hanna L, Amos A. Review of prevalence data in, and evaluation of methods for cross cultural adaptation of UK surveys on tobacco and alcohol in ethnic minority groups. BMJ. 2007;328:76–80

☆ This work was funded by the British Heart Foundation (grant number: 37609), the Economic and Social Research Council, and the Medical Research Council.

PII: S0022-3999(10)00161-3

doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2010.03.015

Journal of Psychosomatic Research
Volume 69, Issue 4 , Pages 379-387 , October 2010

Article Tools