Journal of Psychosomatic Research
Volume 68, Issue 2 , Pages 131-137 , February 2010

Vital exhaustion increases the risk of ischemic stroke in women but not in men: Results from the Copenhagen City Heart Study

  • Henriette Kornerup

      Affiliations

    • Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
    • Corresponding Author InformationCorresponding author. Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg University Hospital, Building 40, Bispebjerg Bakke 23, DK-2400 Copenhagen, Denmark. Tel.: +45 35313333; fax: +45 35313226.
    • ,
  • Jacob Louis Marott

      Affiliations

    • Copenhagen City Heart Study, Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
    • ,
  • Peter Schnohr

      Affiliations

    • Copenhagen City Heart Study, Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
    • ,
  • Gudrun Boysen

      Affiliations

    • Department of Neurology, Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
    • ,
  • John Barefoot

      Affiliations

    • Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
    • ,
  • Eva Prescott

      Affiliations

    • Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
    • Copenhagen City Heart Study, Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark

Received 12 January 2009 ,Revised 24 August 2009 ,Accepted 25 August 2009.

References 

  1. Prescott E, Holst C, Grønbæk M, Schnohr P, Jensen G, Barefoot J. Vital exhaustion as a risk factor for ischemic heart disease and all-cause mortality in a community sample. A prospective study of 4084 men and 5479 women in the Copenhagen City Heart Study. Int J Epidemiol. 2003;32:990–997
  2. Hemingway H, Marmot M. Psychosocial factors in the aetiology and prognosis of coronary heart disease: systematic review of prospective cohort studies. BMJ. 1999;318:1460–1470
  3. Penninx BW, Beekman AT, Honig A, Deeg DJ, Schoevers RA, van Eijk JT, et al. Depression and cardiac mortality: result from a community-based longitudinal study. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2001;58:221–227
  4. Nicholson A, Kuper H, Hemingway H. Depression as an aetiologic and prognostic factor in coronary heart disease: a meta-analysis of 6362 events among 146 538 participants in 54 observational studies. Eur Heart J. 2006;27:2763–2774
  5. Kamphuis MH, Kalmijn S, Tijhuis MA, Geerlings MI, Ciampaoli S, Nissinen A, et al. Depressive symptoms as risk factor of cardiovascular mortality in older European men: the Finland, Italy and Netherlands Elderly (FINE) study. Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil. 2006;13:199–206
  6. Ohira T, Iso H, Satoh S, Sankai T, Tanigawa T, Ogawa Y, et al. Prospective study of depressive symptoms and risk of stroke among Japanese. Stroke. 2001;32:903–908
  7. Takeshita J, Masaki K, Ahmed I, Foley D, Li YQ, Chen R, et al. Are depressive symptoms a risk factor for mortality in elderly Japanese American men? The Honolulu–Asia Aging Study. Am J Psychiatry. 2002;159:1127–1132
  8. Everson SA, Roberts RE, Goldberg DE, Kaplan GA. Depressive symptoms and increased risk of stroke mortality over a 29-year period. Arch Intern Med. 1998;158:1133–1138
  9. Jonas BS, Mussolino ME. Symptoms of depression as a prospective risk factor for stroke. Psychosom Med. 2000;62:463–471
  10. Larson SL, Owens PL, Ford D, Eaton W. Depressive disorder, dysthymia, and risk of stroke: thirteen-year follow-up from the Baltimore Epidemiologic Catchment Area Study. Stroke. 2001;32:1979–1983
  11. Gump BB, Matthews KA, Eberly LE, Chang Y. Depressive symptoms and mortality in men: results from the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial. Stroke. 2005;36:98–102
  12. May M, McCarron P, Stansfeld S, Ben-Shlomo Y, Gallacher J, Yarnell J, et al. Does psychological distress predict the risk of ischemic stroke and transient ischemic attack? The Caerphilly Study. Stroke. 2002;33:7–12
  13. Ostir GV, Markides KS, Peek K, Goodwin JS. The association between emotional well-being and the incidence of stroke in older adults. Psychosom Med. 2001;63:210–215
  14. Simons LA, McCallum J, Friedlander Y, Simons J. Risk factors for ischemic stroke. Dubbo Study of the Elderly. Stroke. 1998;29:1341–1346
  15. Salaycik KJ, Kelly-Hayes M, Beiser A, Nguyen A, Brady SM, Kase CS. Depressive symptoms and risk of stroke. The Framingham Study. Stroke. 2007;38:16–21
  16. Simonsick EM, Wallace RB, Blazer DG, Berkman LF. Depressive symptomatology and hypertension-associated morbidity and mortality in older adults. Psychosom Med. 1995;57:427–435
  17. Krishnan M, Mast BT, Ficker LJ, Lawhorne L, Lichtenberg PA. The effects of preexisting depression on cerebrovascular health outcomes in geriatric continuing care. J Gerontol Biol A Sci Med Sci. 2005;60:915–919
  18. Kopp MS, Falger PR, Appels A, Sándor S. Depressive symptomatology and vital exhaustion are differentially related to behavioral risk factors for coronary artery disease. Psychosom Med. 1998;60:752–758
  19. Appels A. Mental precursors of myocardial infarction. Br J Psychiatry. 1990;156:465–471
  20. Blackburn H. Electrocardiographic classification for population comparisons. The Minnesota Code. J Electrocardiol. 1969;2:5–9
  21. Krarup L, Boysen G, Janjua H, Prescott E, Truelsen T. Validity of stroke diagnoses in a national register of patients. Neuroepidemiology. 2007;28:150–154
  22. Grambsch PM, Thernau TM. Proportional hazards tests and diagnostics based on weighted residuals. Biometrika. 2000;81:515–526
  23. Schuitemaker GE, Dinant GJ, Van Der Pol GA, Verhelst AF, Appels A. Vital exhaustion as a risk indicator for first stroke. Psychosomatics. 2004;45:114–118
  24. Schwartz SW, Carlucci C, Chambless LE, Rosamund WD. Synergism between smoking and vital exhaustion in the risk of ischemic stroke: evidence from the ARIC Study. Ann Epidemiol. 2004;14:416–424
  25. Wassertheil-Smoller S, Shumaker S, Ockene J, Talavera GA, Greenland P, Cochrane B, et al. Depression and cardiovascular sequelae in postmenopausal women: the Women's Health Initiative (WHI). Arch Intern Med. 2004;164:289–298
  26. Colantonio A, Ksal SV, Ostfeld AM. Depressive symptoms and other psychosocial factors as predictors of stroke in the elderly. Am J Epidemiol. 1992;136:884–894
  27. McGowan L, Dickens C, Percival C, Douglas J, Tomenson B. The relationship between vital exhaustion, depression and comorbid illnesses in patients following first myocardial infarction. J Psychosom Res. 2004;57:183–188
  28. Musselman DL, Ewans DL, Nemeroff CB. The relationship of depression to cardiovascular disease. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1998;55:580–592
  29. Rozanski A, Blumenthal JA, Davidson KW, Saab PG, Kubzansky L. The epidemiology, pathophysiology, and management of psychosocial risk factors in cardiac practice. The emerging field of behavioral cardiology. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2005;45:637–651
  30. Steffens DC, Helms MJ, Krishnan RR, Burke GL. Cerebrovascular disease and depression symptoms in the cardiovascular health study. Stroke. 1999;30:2159–2166
  31. Appels A, Bär FW, Bär J, Bruggeman C, Baetes M. Inflammation, depressive symptomatology, and coronary artery disease. Psychosom Med. 2000;62:601–605
  32. Andersen LB, Vestbo J, Juel K, Bjerg AK, Keiding N, Jensen G, et al. The Copenhagen Centre for Prospective Population Studies. A comparison of mortality rates in three prospective studies from Copenhagen with mortality rates in the central part of the city and the entire country. Eur J Epidemiol. 1998;14:579–585

PII: S0022-3999(09)00365-1

doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2009.08.009

Journal of Psychosomatic Research
Volume 68, Issue 2 , Pages 131-137 , February 2010

Article Tools