Journal of Psychosomatic Research
Volume 65, Issue 5 , Pages 487-496, November 2008

The influence of contextual factors on tic expression in Tourette's syndrome: A review

  • Christine A. Conelea
    • ,
  • Douglas W. Woods

      Affiliations

    • Corresponding Author InformationCorresponding author. Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Box 413, Milwaukee, WI 53201, USA. Tel.: +1 414 229 5335; fax: +1 414 229 5219.

University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, USA

Received 22 March 2007; received in revised form 28 August 2007; accepted 22 February 2008. published online 26 September 2008.

Abstract 

Symptoms of Tourette's syndrome vary in frequency and intensity. Although such variability may be the result of deficits in the underlying neurological system, tic expression can also be systematically impacted by contextual factors. This article reviews research on the impact of several contextual factors on tic expression and discusses implications for future research and treatment development.

Keywords: Tourette's syndrome, Tics, Contextual factors

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PII: S0022-3999(08)00216-X

doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2008.04.010

Journal of Psychosomatic Research
Volume 65, Issue 5 , Pages 487-496, November 2008

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