Journal of Psychosomatic Research
Volume 64, Issue 6 , Pages 561-565 , June 2008

Irritable bowel syndrome: A single gastrointestinal disease or a general somatoform disorder?

References 

  1. Longstreth GF, Thompson WG, Chey WD, Houghton LA, Mearin F, Spiller RC. Functional bowel disorders. Gastroenterology. 2006;130:1480–1491
  2. Thompson WG, Creed FH, Drossman DA, Heaton KW, Mazzacca G. Functional bowel disease and functional abdominal pain. Gastrenterol Int. 1992;5:75–91
  3. Thompson WG, Heaton KW, Irvine EJ, Muller-Lissner SA. Functional bowel disorders and functional abdominal pain. Gut. 1999;45(Suppl 2):43–47
  4. Hotz J, Enck P, Goebell H, Heymann-Monnikes I, Holtmann G, Layer P. Reizdarmsyndrom. Definition, Diagnosesicherung, Pathophysiologie und Therapiemöglichkeiten. Konsensustagung der DGVS. Z Gastroenterol. 1999;37:685–700
  5. Thompson WG, Dotevall G, Drossman DA, Heaton KW, Kruis W. Irritable bowel syndrome: guidelines for the diagnosis. Gastroenterol Int. 1989;2:92–95
  6. In: World Organization of National Colleges, Academies, and Academic Associations of General Practitioners/Family Physicians (WONCA)  editors. ICHPPC-2-Defined. 3rd ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 1983;
  7. Manning AP, Thompson WG, Heaton KW, Morris AF. Towards positive diagnosis of the irritable bowel syndrome. Brit Med J. 1978;653–654
  8. Kruis W, Thieme C, Weinzier IM, Holl J. A diagnostic score for the irritable bowel syndrome. Its value in the exclusion of organic disease. Gastroenterology. 1984;87:1–7
  9. Klein KB. Controlled treatment trials in the irritable bowel syndrome: a critique. Gastroenterology. 1988;95:232–241
  10. Whitehead WE, Engel BT, Schuster MM. Irritable bowel syndrome: physiological and psychological differences between diarrhea-predominant and constipation-predominant patients. Dig Dis Sci. 1980;25:404–413
  11. American Psychiatric Association . Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM III). Washington (DC): APA; 1980;
  12. American Psychiatric Association . Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM III-R). Washington (DC): APA; 1987;
  13. American Psychiatric Association . Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (primary care version) (DSM-IV-PC). Washington (DC): APA; 1994;
  14. World Health Organisation . The ICD-10 classification of mental and behavioral disorders. Geneva: WHO; 1992;
  15. Van der Horst HE, van Dülmen AM, Schellevis FG, van Eijk JT, Fennis JF, Bleijenberg G. Do patients with irritable bowel syndrome in primary care really differ from outpatients with irritable bowel syndrome?. Gut. 1997;41:969–974
  16. In: World Organization of National Colleges, Academies, and Academic Associations of General Practitioners/Family Physicians (WONCA)  editors. ICPC-2, International Classification of Primary Care. 2nd ed.. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 1998;
  17. Longstreth GF, Wolde-Tsadik G. Irritable bowel-type symptoms in HMO examinees. Prevalence, demographics, and clinical correlates. Dig Dis Sci. 1993;38:1581–1589
  18. Drossman DA, Funch-Jensen P, Janssens J, Talley NJ, Thompson WG. Identification of sub-groups of functional gastrointestinal disorders. Gastroenterol Int. 1990;3:159–172
  19. Saito YA, Talley NJ, Melton LJ, Fett S, Zinsmeister AR, Locke GR. The effect of new diagnostic criteria for irritable bowel syndrome on community prevalence estimates. Neurogastroenterol. 2003;15:687–694
  20. Thompson WG. The road to Rome. Gastroenterology. 2006;130:1552–1556
  21. Levy R, Olden KW, Naliboff BD, Bradley LA, Francisconi C, Drossman DA, et al. Psychosocial aspects of functional gastrointestinal disorders. Gastroenterology. 2006;130:1447–1458
  22. Mayou RA. Medically unexplained physical symptoms. Brit Med J. 1991;303:534–535
  23. Stone J, Wojcik W, Durrance D, Carson A, Lewis S, MacKenzie L, et al. What should we say to patients with symptoms unexplained by disease? The “number needed to offend”. Brit Med J. 2003;325:1449–1450
  24. Kendell R, Jablensky A. Distinguishing between the validity and utility of psychiatric diagnosis. Am J Psychiat. 2003;160:4–12
  25. Sharpe M, Mayou R. Somatoform disorders: a help or hindrance to good patient care?. Br J Psychiatry. 2004;184:465–467
  26. Mayou R, Kirmayer LJ, Simon G, Kroenke K, Sharpe M. Somatoform disorders: time for a new approach in DSM-V. Am J Psychiatry. 2005;162:847–855
  27. Henningsen P, Zipfel S, Herzog W. Management of functional somatic syndromes: approaches and evidence. Lancet. 2007;369:946–955
  28. Kroenke K. Physical symptom disorder: a simpler diagnostic category for somatization-spectrum conditions. J Psychosom Res. 2006;60:335–339
  29. Enck P, Zimmermann K, Menke G, Müller-Lissner S, Martens U, Klosterhalfen S. A mixture of E. coli (DSM17252) and Enterococcus faecalis (DSM16440) for treatment of the irritable bowel symdrome—a randomized controlled trial with primary care physicians. Neurogastroenterol Motil (in press).
  30. Klauser AG, Voderholzer WA, Schindelbeck NE, Müller-Lissner SA. Functional diagnostic work-up in patients with irritable bowel syndrome. Z Gastroenterol. 1996;34:273–278
  31. Enck P, Whitehead WE, Schuster MM. Psychosomatik des Reizdarms: Spezifität klinischer Symptome, psychopathologischer Merkmale und motorischer Aktivität im Rektosigmoid. Dtsch Med Wschr. 1988;113:459–462
  32. Jeonq H, Lee HR, Yoo BC, Park SM. Manning criteria in irritable bowel syndrome: its diagnostic significance. Korean J Intern Med. 1993;8:34–39
  33. Talley NJ, Phillips SF, Melton LJ, Mulvihill C, Wiltgen C, Zinsmeister AR. Diagnostic value of the Manning criteria in irritable bowel syndrome. Gut. 1990;31:77–81
  34. Smith RC, Greenbaum DS, Vancouver JB, Henry RC, Reinhart MA, Greenbaum RB, et al. Gender differences in Manning criteria in the irritable bowel syndrome. Gastroenterology. 1991;100:591–595
  35. Icks A, Hastert B, Enck P, Rathmann W, Giani G. Prevalence of functional bowel disorders and related health care seeking: a population-based study. Z Gastroenterol. 2002;40:177–183
  36. Smith GD, Steinke DT, Kinnear M, Penny KI, Pathmanathan N, Penman ID. A comparison of irritable bowel syndrome patients managed in primary and secondary care: the episode IBS study. Brit J Clin Pract. 2004;54:503–507
  37. Bijkerk CJ, de Wit NJ, Stalman WA, Knottnerus JA, Hoes AW, Muris JW. Irritable bowel syndrome in primary care: the patients' and doctors' view on symptoms, etiology and management. Can J Gastroenterol. 2003;17:363–368
  38. Yawn BP, Lydick E, Locke GR, Wollan PC, Bertram SL, Kurland MJ. Do published guidelines for evaluation of irritable bowel syndrome reflect practice?. BMC Gastroenterology. 2001;I:11
  39. Quigley EM. The ‘con’ case. The Rome process and functional gastrointestinal disorders: the barbarians are at the gate!. Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2007;19:793–797
  40. Mayer EA, Bradesi S, Chang L, Spiegel BM, Bueller JA, Naliboff BD. Functional GI disorders: from animal models to drug development. Gut. 2008;57:384–404

PII: S0022-3999(08)00095-0

doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2008.02.026

Journal of Psychosomatic Research
Volume 64, Issue 6 , Pages 561-565 , June 2008